IP & SP Survey
(Induced Polarization & Self Potential)

IP & SP Surveys are geophysical exploration techniques used to study subsurface electrical properties and naturally occurring potentials. Induced Polarization (IP) measures the chargeability of subsurface materials—how effectively they can store and release electrical energy—while Self Potential (SP) detects natural electrical voltages present in the ground. Together, these methods provide valuable insights into mineralization zones, groundwater movement, and subsurface anomalies.

In an IP survey, a controlled electrical current is introduced into the ground through electrodes, and the delayed voltage response is measured to determine the chargeability of different materials. This method is particularly effective for identifying sulphide minerals and ore bodies. In contrast, SP surveys do not require any external current; they measure natural voltage differences generated by electrochemical reactions, fluid flow, or geothermal activity. The collected data is recorded using sensitive instruments and mapped for analysis.

IP & SP Surveys are widely used in mineral exploration, hydrogeological studies, and environmental investigations. They are especially useful for detecting ore deposits, mapping groundwater flow paths, and identifying zones of seepage or contamination. As non-invasive and cost-effective techniques, they provide reliable subsurface information that supports accurate interpretation and informed decision-making.