Seismic Refraction Tomography (SRT)

Seismic Refraction Tomography (SRT) is an advanced geophysical method used to map subsurface conditions by analyzing refracted seismic waves. Unlike conventional seismic refraction, SRT utilizes multiple wave paths and sophisticated inversion algorithms to generate detailed 2D models of subsurface velocity variations, providing a more accurate and continuous representation of underground structures.

In this method, controlled seismic energy is introduced into the ground using sources such as hammer impacts or mechanical equipment. As the waves travel through different subsurface layers, they refract along boundaries where there is a contrast in seismic velocity. These waves are recorded by an array of geophones placed along the survey line. The collected data is then processed using tomographic inversion techniques to reconstruct velocity profiles that reflect variations in material properties.

Seismic Refraction Tomography is widely used in geotechnical investigations, engineering projects, and environmental studies. It is particularly effective for determining bedrock depth, identifying weak zones, mapping subsurface layering, and assessing soil and rock conditions. By providing high-resolution and reliable subsurface images, SRT supports informed decision-making in construction planning, infrastructure development, and risk assessment